Marie And Pierre Curie In Laboratory

by Science Source

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Marie And Pierre Curie In Laboratory

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Marie Curie (1867-1934) was a Polish-French physicist and chemist. She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes; physics and chemistry. She shared her 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre and physicist Henri Becquerel. She was the sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Marie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to date to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences. Her achievements included a theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw, which remain major centers of medical research today. She died of leukemia, almost certainly caused by her work with radioactive materials. Pierre Curie (1859-1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity, and Nobel laureate. Pierre studied ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism for his doctoral thesis, and discovered the effect of temperature on paramagnetism which is now known as Curie's law. The material constant in Curie's law is known as the Curie constant. He also discovered that ferromagnetic substances exhibited a critical temperature transition, above which the substances lost their ferromagnetic behavior. This is now known as the Curie point. Pierre and one of his students made the first discovery of nuclear energy, by identifying the continuous emission of heat from radium particles. The curie is a unit of radioactivity originally named in honor of Curie by the Radiology Congress in 1910, after his death. Pierre Curie died in a street accident in 1906. Crossing the busy Rue Dauphine in the rain he slipped and fell under a heavy horse drawn cart. He died instantly when one of the wheels ran over his head, fracturing his skull.

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May 30th, 2013

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