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Advertisement for Bayer Company's drugs, including Trional, Lycetol, Salophen and Heroin. From British Medical Journal, published April 8th, 1899. Diacetylmorphine (heroin) was first synthesized in 1874 by C. R. Alder Wright, an English chemist, but his invention did not lead to any further developments, and diacetylmorphine became popular only after it was independently re-synthesized 23 years later by another chemist, Felix Hoffmann. Hoffmann, working at Bayer in Elberfeld, Germany, was instructed by his supervisor Heinrich Dreser to acetylate morphine with the objective of producing codeine, a constituent of the opium poppy, pharmacologically similar to morphine but less potent and less addictive. Instead, the experiment produced an acetylated form of morphine one and a half to two times more potent than morphine itself. The head of Bayer's research department reputedly coined the drug's new name, "heroin," based on the German heroisch, which means "heroic, strong.' From 1898 throug...