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Florence Nightingale checking on her patients and administrating medicine at Scutari Hospital. Colored lithograph by J.A. Benwell. Scutari is where Florence Nightingale worked during the Crimean War (1854-1856). Nightingale (1820-1910) was a British nurse, humanitarian and hospital reformer who is credited with establishing the foundations of modern nursing. Already an experienced nurse, she was appointed director of nursing operations at the war front during the Crimean War. There, her efforts to improve sanitation in the military hospitals drastically reduced the mortality rate among the sick. In 1860, on her return to England, she wrote the textbook Notes on Nursing. This was the first definitive textbook in the field and was translated into many languages.