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A man sitting in chair, arms outstretched, streams of blood pouring out as a nun places leeches on his body; a man (Broussais) stands in the doorway wearing top hat and coat; sign on the wall reads Oeuvres complètes de Broussais. Francois Joseph Victor Broussais (1772-1838), French physician whose advocacy of bleeding, leech treatments, and fasting dominated Parisian medical practice early in the 19th century. In 1816 he published his Examen de la doctrine medicale generalement adopte, (Review of the medical doctrine generally adopts) which drew down upon its author the wrath of the whole medical faculty of Paris, but eventually his doctrines triumphed. Late in life Broussais became an advocate and a patient of homeopathy and declared that orthodox medicine was 'more harmful than useful to humanity'. Bloodletting was based on an ancient system of medicine in which blood and other bodily fluid were considered to be "humors" the proper balance of which maintained health, but it often wea...