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Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738-1814) was a French physician and lawmaker and, contrary to popular belief, was not the inventor of the machine. In 1790 proposed that the death penalty should be equal for all, regardless of social rank and nature of the crime. It would be carried out by a swift mechanical device to eliminate suffering. His idea was derided at first but later the National Assembly revived it and them adopted it in 1791. They assigned the task of designing and building Dr. Guillotin's machine to Antoine Louis, who hired a German harpsichord maker named Tobias Schmidt to actually construct it from his design.