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At right, Barbara McClintock works with Almiro Blumenschein (left) and Takeo Angel Kato Yamakake (center). They worked in the 1960s and 1970s on Rockefeller-funded maize projects. Photographed in 1966. Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) was an American cytogeneticist who did groundbreaking research on the phenomenon of how genes in chromosomes could "move" during the breeding of maize plants. She developed theories to explain the suppression or expression of genetic information from one generation of maize plants to the next that defied the common wisdom of molecular biology prevalent during the 1950s. In 1983, she received the Nobel Prize for her work on "mobile genetic elements." McClintock was the first woman to receive an unshared Nobel Prize in that category.