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Elias Howe, Jr. (July 9, 1819 - October 3, 1867) was an American inventor and sewing machine pioneer. Contrary to popular belief, he was not the first to conceive of the idea of a sewing machine. He originated significant refinements to the design concepts of his predecessors, and on September 10, 1846, he was awarded the first United States patent (U.S. Patent 4,750) for a sewing machine using a lockstitch design. His machine contained the three essential features common to most modern machines a needle with the eye at the point, a shuttle operating beneath the cloth to form the lock stitch, and an automatic feed. Despite his efforts to sell his machine, other entrepreneurs began manufacturing sewing machines. Howe was forced to defend his patent in a court case that lasted from 1849 to 1854 because he found that Isaac Singer with cooperation from Walter Hunt had perfected a facsimile of his machine and was selling it with the same lockstitch that Howe had invented and patented. He wo...