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Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich (1815-1877) was a German physician, pioneer psychiatrist, and medical professor. He is known for his measurement of mean healthy human body temperature of 98.6°F or 37°C (current standard 98.2°F or 36.8°C). In 1850 he was made Professor and Medical Director of the Leipzig University hospital where he introduced methodology of diagnosis and empirical observation of patients. He introduced temperature charts into hospitals, holding that fever is not a disease, but a symptom. He was known for his lectures on psychiatry and on the "pathology and therapy of illnesses of the nervous system." In 1871 he was appointed to a commission for the construction and design of psychiatric hospitals. He died in 1877 at the age of 62