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Image taken from page 132 of "Cassell's Illustrated Universal History", 1893. Hernan Cortes de Monroy y Pizarro (1485 - December 2, 1547) was a Spanish Conquistador. Born at Medellin into minor nobility, and after studying at Salamanca he chose to look for his fortune in Hispaniola and later Cuba. In 1519, against the orders of the Governor, he led an expedition to the mainland that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile. Moctezuma II (1466 - June 29, 1520) was the 9th tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan (1502-20). The first contact between indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and Europeans took place during his reign, and he was killed when Cortes and his men fought to escape from the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan.