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Types of volcanic eruptions. Vulcanian eruption a short, violent, relatively small explosion of viscous magma. The eruption results from the explosion of a plug of lava in a volcanic conduit, or from the rupture of a lava dome. Plinian eruption (largest and most violent) caused by the fragmentation of gassy magma and releases enormous amounts of energy, creating eruption columns of gas and ash. Pelean eruption an eruption associated with explosive outbursts that generate pyroclastic flows. A dense mixture of hot volcanic fragments and gas. Strombolian eruption distinct bursts of fluid lava with explosions occurring every few minutes at regular or irregular intervals. Hawaiian eruption fluid lava flows from a volcano's summit and radial fissures to form large shield volcanoes that have gentle slopes. Icelandic eruption characterized by effusions of molten basaltic lava that flow from long, parallel fissures often building lava plateaus.